![]() To perceive this distinction, put the palm of your hand on your lips directly on your mouth. The t in “top” has a puff of air after it that the t in “stop” does not have. On the other hand, English speakers pronounce the t sound in the English words “top” and “stop” in slightly different ways. English speakers use those three sounds for making different words. Those three vowel sounds are phonemic for standard English. What does phonemic mean? It refers to the sounds of a language that make a distinction in meaning.įor example, in English the vowel sound in the words “top”, “tape” and “tip” distinguish different words and different meanings. ![]() Additionally, the phonemic Koiné is close enough to Modern Greek so that Greek speakers accept it as ‘something Greek’ and ‘non-offensive’, even if not the same dialect. For those coming from a different system, a relatively small change at the beginning of the renewal effort is worthwhile. After such work would the student like to end up feeling like and sounding somewhat Greek? Hopefully. Pronunciation may only become an issue when someone wants to invest the time and energy to become truly fluent in the language, able to think, to listen and to read at normal conversational speeds. Assonance, rhyme, and avoidance of ambiguity become clearer. It provides an additional perspective on word choices by an author. Why Use a Koiné Pronunciation?Ī phonemic Koiné results in a dialect in which the user will appreciate the sounds and writings of the first three Christian centuries in a manner in which the original audiences would have perceived them. When options were available, the pronunciation should be practical for speakers of English, Spanish, French and German. When in doubt, decisions should fit with the known historical outcome. When options were available, the pronunciation should help students with adapting to other dialects of Greek so as to become a bridge to the whole Greek language. That is, it should reflect the way in which the language sounded in the Roman period. The pronunciation system should, as far as practical, be historical. This means that the pronunciation system should be phonemic. The pronunciation should preserve the same significant sound distinctions that were used in the Roman period. In particular, the focus is on the Koiné Greek of what is historically the Roman period in the land of Israel, 63 BCE to 325 CE. ![]() The pronunciation system is primarily intended for persons wishing to learn Koiné Greek, the general Greek dialect used from the third century before the Common Era (BCE) to the fourth century of the Common Era (CE). Principles Governing the Pronunciation in this Course And audio material for an ancient language means that decisions must be made about the kind of pronunciation system to be used. As soon as students set their sights on a higher goal and want to include language learning methodologies that will lead to a fluent control of the language, they must come to grips with the need to include audio and oral material in a program. As long as students only need to write Greek or to look at Greek on a printed page, the pronunciation system is not a very important issue. When a person wants to use living language methods to learn a language, one is required to make some choices about what kind of pronunciation system to use. (These notes are of a technical nature beyond language learning, intended primarily for teachers.) Notes on the Pronunciation System of Koiné Greek
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